An independent horizontal single-axis tracker enhances solar energy output by continuously adjusting the angle of the solar panels to follow the sun's path. The system uses a tracking algorithm, managed by a central programmable logic controller (PLC), which calculates the optimal tilt for each motor in real time. This adjustment is based on the precise location of the tracker and its adjacent units.
Every tracker can find its most advantageous position throughout the day, with individualized control that maximizes the amount of sunlight captured, leading to better energy generation than a fixed or globally backtracked system. In regions near the equator, where the sun's trajectory changes less over the course of the day and year, single-axis trackers are especially efficient.
Moreover, these trackers have a robust design, making them more resistant to damage from harsh weather conditions. A recent advancement in solar technology, known as Tubular Solar, involves cylindrical-shaped photovoltaic cells that can capture even more sunlight as the sun moves across the sky, further optimizing the energy yield.
Single-axis trackers need more space, as the rows must be spaced further apart to prevent shading. This typically means using 4 to 7 acres per MW, compared to 4 to 5 acres for fixed-tilt systems, which can increase land costs.
While single-axis trackers excel in energy production, they are best suited for flat and stable ground. In contrast, fixed-tilt systems are more adaptable to challenging terrains and can handle complex soil conditions, making them a better choice for uneven or rocky landscapes.
Single-axis trackers can boost annual energy production by 12-40% over fixed systems by following the sun's path from east to west, maximizing sunlight capture.
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